Vaccine Yield Uncertainty with Demand Substitution

【摘要】：正A standard problem in operations literature is the optimal stocking of substitutable products. We,however,consider a similar optimization problem with demand substitution where uncertainty occurs at the supply(production)level. This is motivated by the very common production yield uncertainty in vaccine industry.In our paper, substitution is modeled by letting the unsatisfied demand for one type of vaccine flow to other vaccines in deterministic proportions.We obtain,analytically, tractable solutions that facilitate comparisons between centralized and competitive optimal production quantities under substitution.A variant of revenue sharing contract is then proposed that coordinates vaccine manufacturers so that the system achieves global optimization in the Nash equilibrium. The model developed in this paper is of newsvendor type.