Supplementary of unsaturated fatty acids during perinatal periods obviously relieve the brain injury and behavioral deficits in neonatal hypoxiaischemia

【摘要】：正Objective Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is an important cause of brain injury in newborns,with a high risk of future behavioral and neurological deficits.It is also the major cause of neurological diseases such as dementia,epilepsy and paralysis.Neuronal apoptosis play an important role in perinatal hypoxia-ischemia.Nowadays,people use olive oil for cooking and/or get extra fish oil daily for health,in order to prevent against the stroke and cardiovascular diseases.Both fish oil and olive oil are found in significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),which including Monounsaturated fatty acid(mainlyα-linoleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids(for exampleα-linolenic acid,Eicosapentaenic acid and Docosahexaenic acid).They are essential components of the biomembrane and play an important role in the most of physiological process in brain like excitable membrane function,memory and neuroprotection.In the present study,our purpose is to determine whether supplementation offish oil and olive oil could protect neurons from apoptosis in hypoxiaischemia injury.Methods Supplementing the fish oil and olive oil to normal diets(1 g oil /20 g diet),and these special diets were given to the rats during the rats were pregnant and up to 7 d after neonatal Hypoxia-ischemia(HI).Neonatal Hypoxiaischemia operation was done in 7-old d rats.The brain injury volume were performed at 7 d and 8 laser-doppler flowmetry laser-doppler flowmetry weeks after HI.The neurological Outcome,using the righting reflex,gait reflex,negative geotaxis, grid walking and footfault test,were assessed up to 50 d after HI.All data are expressed as mean±SD,and statistic analysis was performed using ANOVA and post hoc Fisher's PLSD tests,with P0.05 considered statistically significant.Results Supplementary of both olive oil and fish oil to pregnant rats significantly reduce the brain injury volume in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia(the percentage of brain injury volume of regular diet group is(42.9±6.3)%,while fish oil diet treated is (24.5±13.5)%,P0.05 relative to regular diet group;olive oil diet treated is(14.6±12.4)%,P0.05 relative to regular diet group,n = 15-18 per group).Behavioral deficits such as delayed time-course of righting reflex and gait reflex in regular diet group[righting reflex is(3.66±2.82) s at 2 d after HI,gait reflex is(22.8±10.1) s at 3 d after HI,n = 25]were not appeared in fish oil groups[righting reflex of fish oil diet treated is only(2.32±0.57) s at 2 d after HI,P0.05 relative to regular diet group, and gait reflex of fish oil group treated is(10.7±14.4) s on 3 d after HI,P0.001 relative to regular diet group,n = 25 per group],but there is no significant difference between regular diet group and olive oil diet.At the same time,fish oil diet group performed better in grid walking and made less mistakes in footfault test[the forelimb footfault steps of regular diet group in 2 to 5 weeks is 5.4,3.1,2.9 and 2.1,but fish oil diet group is 4.1,1.5,0.6 and 0.8,P0.001;the hindlimb footfault steps of regular diet group in 2 and 3 week is 6.4and 4.3,fish oil diet is only 5.3 and 1.8,P0.05,n = 20 for each group].The olive oil diet group only do better than regular diet in 4 to 6 week[the forelimb footfault steps of olive oil group in the 4 to 5 week is 1.4 and 1 respectively,P0.001 vs regular diet group;the hindlimb footfault steps in 5 week is 0.28 compared with regular diet 0.6,P0.05,n = 20 for each group).Conclusion Fish oil and olive oil has excellent neuroprotective effect against neonatal Hypoxia-ischemia injury and could greatly improve the behavioral performance of the rats.